Amaphrofayili e-EPS avele njengento yokuguqula ubunjiniyela be-geotechnical, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi elula ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lesi sihloko sihluza indima yamaphrofayili e-expanded polystyrene (EPS) ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zenhlabathi ezifana nokuvikela ukushisa, ukuqinisa, nokumelana nokuvuvukala komkhengo. Ngokufaka amaphrofayili e-EPS ezinhlanganisela zenhlabathi ezilula, onjiniyela bangathola ukusebenza okungcono kwezakhiwo ngenkathi kuncishiswa umthwalo ophelele kuma-subgrades. Izinzuzo ze-EPS ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene zihloliwe ngendlela ehlelekile, zinikeza ukubuka konke okubanzi kwezinzuzo zayo ekwakhiweni kwesimanje. Lokhu kuhlaziya kusebenza njengesixhobo esibalulekile ochwepheshe bokwakha abafuna izixazululo eziqotho, ezingabizi kakhulu emaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Imiphumela eyethulwe lapha igcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwamaphrofayili e-EPS ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwakha ezisimeme nezihlala njalo.

Ubukhulu be-expanded polystyrene ekwakhiweni kwesimanje abukwazi ukugcizelelwa ngokweqile, njengoba inikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yokuba lula, amandla, nokusebenza kahle kwe-thermal. Amaphrofayili e-EPS asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zenhlabathi ezilula ukunciphisa izinselelo ezibangelwa izinga lokushisa elibandayo nezimo zomhlaba ezingazinzile. Lawa maphrofayili asebenza njengesivikelo ekungeneleleni komkhuhlane, egcina ubuqotho bemigwaqo, izisekelo, namabhuloho ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-EPS kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokwengeza isisindo esiningi, okubalulekile emaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka noma ezicindezelwe. Izinzuzo zokwamukela i-EPS ekwakhiweni zidlula ukusebenza, zihlanganisa ukonga izindleko nokusimama kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrofayili e-EPS abe yisisekelo sokuklama okusha kwe-geotechnical ezindaweni lapho umonakalo obangelwa umkhuhlane ubeka khona usongo oluqhubekayo.

Ucwaningo oludlule luye lwabonisa njalo ukuthi izinto ezisekelwe ku-EPS ziyasebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha komhlabathi ngaphansi kwezingcindezi zokushisa nezomshini. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi umhlabathi ongagcini isisindo owenziwe nge-EPS ubonisa ukuncipha kokudluliswa kokushisa, okukhawulela ngqo ukujula kweqhwa futhi kunciphise ukuduma ezindaweni ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla okucindezela nokudabula kwezinhlanganisela ezinjalo ahlala eqinile ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo ephindaphindayo yokuqhwa nokuqhakaza, okugcizelela ukuqina kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-EPS. Lezi ziphetho zihambisana nesidingo esikhulayo sezinsiza eziqinile ezindaweni ezibhekana nezimo zezulu eziqine kakhulu. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso esichwepheshile ekukhetheni izixazululo ezifanele ze-EPS, abasebenzi bangabheka kokuphakeme.Ukusekela izinsiza ezitholakala kubaholi bemboni. Ngokwakha kulolwazi, lesi sihloko samanje sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwezinhlaka ze-EPS ezicelo zemhlabathi ezingagcini, sihlinzeka ngemininingwane esebenzayo onjiniyela nabasontisi emhlabeni wonke.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezihloliweyo yi-polystyrene eyandisiweyo ngendlela yephrofayili, eyenziwe ngokuminyana okulawulwayo kanye nesakhiwo samaseli esihambisanayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquki. Lezi ziphrofayili ze-EPS ngokuvamile zihlanganiswa nezinto ezilula, izibopho zikakhonkolo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izintambo zokuqinisa ukuze kwakhiwe i-matrix yenhlabathi eyinhlanganisela enezici ezithuthukisiwe. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-EPS, njengoba ukuhluka ekuhlanganeni kwamabele noma ekuminyeni kungathinta kakhulu izici zokushisa nemishini. Ngalesi sizathu, abahlinzeki abanjengoKunming Xiangchen New Building Materials Co., Ltd. banamathela ezinqubweni eziqinile zokuhlola ukuze bahlinzeke izixazululo ezithembekile ze-EPS; zaboIphrofayili Yenkampani imininingwane yalokhu kuzibophezela ekuqeqesheni nasekuqambeni izinto ezintsha. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezihambelanayo, njengesihlabathi esihlungiwe nezinhlobo ezithile zikakhonkolo, kuphinde kuthuthukise ukusebenza komhlabathi ongagcini isisindo owenziwe nge-EPS. Yonke inhlanganisela ihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze ihlangabezane namazinga emboni ngokumelana nomkhuhlane nokusekelwa kwezakhiwo, iqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yokugcina isebenza ngokuthembekile ezimweni zangempela.

Ngaphandle kwamaphrofayili e-EPS ngokwawo, isifundo sisebenzisa izinto ezihambisanayo ezahlukahlukene ukuze sifinyelele izici zomhlaba ezifunwayo. Izinto zokugcwalisa ezilula zikhethwa ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo okuphansi kanye nenani eliphezulu lokufakelwa, kanti izibopho ezisekelwe ku-cement zinikeza ukubambisana namandla adingekayo. Isilinganiso sawo wonke umthamo sinqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambili ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal namandla emishini. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EPS esezingeni eliphezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba olula ugcina isimo sawo namandla okuthwala umthwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma lapho ubhekene nokujikeleza komswakama nokushisa. Le ndlela enemininingwane yokukhetha izinto ezibalulekile ukuze kubuyelwe ezimweni zokwakha zangempela kanye nokukhiqiza imiphumela yaselebhu ephindeka kalula. Ekugcineni, ukucaciswa ngokucophelela kwezinto zokuhlola kuthinta ngqo ukwethembeka kwedatha yokumelana neqhwa eqoqwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

Ukulungiswa kwezibonelo kulandela inqubo ejwayelekile lapho amaphrofayili e-EPS ahlanganiswa ngokufanayo no-ubumba nezinto ezibopha ngezilinganiso ezichazwe ngaphambili ukuze kwakheke inhlanganisela efanayo. Inhlanganisela bese icindezelwa emibumbeni eyindilinga ngaphansi kwamaleveli amandla alawulwayo ukuze kulinganiswe izimo zokucindezela zasensimini ezijwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa isikhathi esithile, izibonelo zivezwa uchungechunge lwezikhathi zokuqhwa nokuqhekeka ezilinganisa isimo sezulu esibi sasebusika. Izinqubo zokuhlola zihlanganisa izilinganiso eziqondile zokudluliswa kokushisa, amandla okucindezela angenamkhawulo, namandla okusika kumaphuzu okushisa ahlukahlukene. Impendulo yokuvuvukala komkhengu iyalinganiswa kusetshenziswa izinzwa zokuhambisa ezirekhoda ukwanda okuqondile ngesikhathi sokuqhwa, zinikeza idatha ebalulekile yokuziphatha kobumba. Lezi zindlela eziqinile ziqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ibonisa ngokunembile ukusebenza kwangempela, ivumela ukuqhathaniswa okuthembekile nezinto zobumba zendabuko ezifana namatshe namagwaba.

Wonke umjikelezo wokuhlola wenziwa elabhorethri elawulwa isimo sezulu ukuze kuhlanganiswe imiphumela yokushisa nomswakama kumisampula athuthukiswe nge-EPS. Uhlelo lokukhiya nokuncibilika ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imijikelezo eminingi, ngayinye ihlanganisa isikhathi sokuqhwa ku -10°C kulandelwe isikhathi sokuncibilika ku +10°C, ukuze kubuyekezwe izimo ezimbi zasebusika. Phakathi kwale mijikelezo, imisampula iqashwa njalo ukuze kutholwe izinguquko kuvolumu, isisindo, nokwakheka komzimba. Ukuhlolwa ngemuva komjikelezo kufaka phakathi izilinganiso zamandla okucindezela asele nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezimbotshana noma ukuhlukana. Idatha eqoqwe kulezi zivivinyo inikeza isisekelo esilinganiselwe sokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-EPS ezinhlelweni zenhlabathi ezilula. Ngokunamathela emazingeni ajwayelekile e-ASTM ne-ISO, inqubo yokuhlola iqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela iyathenjwa futhi ingasetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi okwakha ezohwebo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphrofayili e-EPS kuguqula kakhulu ukuminyana nokuziphatha kwezinga lokushisa kwemixhantelo yobunzima obulula, okwenza izinzuzo eziningana zobunjiniyela. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esivaliwe, izinhlayiya ze-EPS zinciphisa ubunzima obuphelele bomhlabathi, okunciphisa ubungozi bokuhlala ngaphansi kwemithwalo emile neyomdlandla. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaselula agcwele umoya ahlinzeka ngokufakelwa okungajwayelekile kwezinga lokushisa, kancane ukudluliswa komkhuhlane emhlabathini nokunciphisa ukungena komkhuhlane. Lesi senzo esiphindwe kabili senza umhlabathi owenziwe nge-EPS usebenze kakhulu ekuvimbela ukukhula komkhuhlane, imbangela ejwayelekile yokwehluleka kwezingubo zokugqoka nezisekelo emikhawulweni yasenyakatho. Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisiwe nezinto zomhlaba ezivamile, njengogravel noma isihlabathi sodwa, kudalula ukuthi i-EPS mixtures igcina amanani okudluliswa kwezinga lokushisa afinyelela ku-40% aphansi ngenkathi ifinyelela amandla okuthwala alinganayo noma angcono. Lezi zitholakele zigcizelela ukuguquguquka kwamaphrofayili e-EPS ekubhekaneni nezinselelo zokwakhiwa nezemvelo ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayili e-EPS kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobumba olulula ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, njengoba izinto kulula ukuziphatha nokuzibeka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezisindayo. Abasubathi babika amazinga okubeka asheshayo kanye nokuguga okuncishisiwe kwemishini lapho kusetshenziswa izixube ezithuthukiswe nge-EPS, okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi wonke. Usayizi ofanayo wezinhlayiya zamaphrofayili e-EPS akhiqiziwe uphinde ukhuthaze ukuxubana okungaguquki nokucindezela, okuholela emkhiqizweni wokugcina ongabikeleleka kakhudlwana. Ezivivinyweni zasensimini, izindonga ezithambekile nezokubamba ezakhiwe ngobumba olulula oluthuthukiswe nge-EPS zibonise ukuhlehla okuncane ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuqhwa nokuqhakaza. Lokhu kusebenza kuthathwa njengokubangelwa ukusebenzisana okuzinzile phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-EPS kanye nomjikelezo wobumba okuzungezile, okumelana nokuhlehla kwangaphakathi nokuthuthela kwezinhlayiya. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphrofayili e-EPS ayachazwa kakhulu emisebenzini eyinhloko yengqalasizinda edinga ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Uhlolo lwezimpendulo zokuqunjelwa yiqhwa emhlabathini owenziwe ngcono nge-EPS lubonisa ukuncipha okukhulu ekuhambeni okuyingxenye yomugqa ngesikhathi sezimo zokuqhwa, luqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwempahla. Izampula eziqukethe amaphrofayili e-EPS zibonisa ukuthi ziqhunyelwa yiqhwa okuncane okufika ku-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlabathi ongaphathwanga, njengoba kuboniswe ekuhlolweni okulinganiselwe kokuhamba okwenziwa ngaphezu kwemijikelezo eminingi. Ukuthuthukiswa lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo zokuvikela ukushisa kwe-EPS, ezigcina izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingeqi isithwathwa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sezulu elibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo esilula se-EPS sinciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama wonke ekuxubeni, okunciphisa ukwakheka kwezingqimba zeqhwa ezibangela ukuhamba okuhlukene kweqhwa. Imiphumela iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrofayili e-EPS akagcini nje ngokumelana nomonakalo weqhwa kodwa futhi agcina ubuqotho bawo bokwakhiwa ngemva kwemijikelezo ephindaphindiwe yokuqhwa nokuqhakaza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla. Ngenxa yalokho, ingqalasizinda eyakhiwe ngomhlabathi olula owenziwe ngcono nge-EPS idinga ukugcinwa okuncane futhi ijabulele impilo yesevisi ende kakhulu ezindaweni ezithambekele eqhweni.

Ukuhlaziywa okunemininingwane kwezibalo kubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokuvuvukala komkhenkese samasampula aphathwe nge-EPS sihlala singaphansi kuka-1.5% ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo engu-15 yokuqhwa nokuqhakaza, uma kuqhathaniswa no-5–8% wezinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezakhiwayo. Ukuthuthuka okukhulu lokhu kuhumusha kube izikhala ezimbalwa emikhondweni, ukunyakaza okuncane okuhlukene ezisekelweni, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa phakathi nempilo yesakhiwo. Ukudluliswa kokushisa komhlabathi owenziwe nge-EPS, okulinganiswa cishe ku-0.06 W/m·K, kungaphansi kakhulu kuneso sezinhlobo zomhlaba ezivamile, ezisukela ku-0.3 kuye ku-1.5 W/m·K. Ukudluliswa okuphansi kangaka kuvikela kahle umhlabathi ongaphansi, kugcine izimo zemvelo zokushisa futhi kunciphise isenzo somkhenkese. Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela bangaklama izisekelo ezijule kancane nezingxenye zomgwaqo ezincane lapho besebenzisa amaphrofayili e-EPS, bakhiqize ukonga okukhulu kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezabasebenzi. Izinzuzo zezibalo ezinjalo zenza umhlabathi olula owenziwe nge-EPS ukhetho oluqinisekile emaphrojekthi emigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo yesitimela, kanye nezinsiza ezindaweni ezibandayo.

Uma kuhlolwa amandla okucindezela nawokudabuka ngaphansi kwezimo zeqhwa, inhlabathi elula eyenziwe nge-EPS ibonisa ukumelana okumangalisayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile. Izinhlabathi zakudala zivame ukulahlekelwa amandla amaningi ngenxa yokwakheka kwezibuko zeqhwa nokubuthakathaka okwenzeka lapho kuyancibilika, okungaholela ekubeni kube nobunzima esakhiweni. Ngokuphambene, izakhiwo ze-EPS zigcina isakhiwo esizinzile esiphikisa ukugobeka, ngoba amabhola anamaseli avalekile akawumunci amanzi futhi ahlala engozini ngisho nasezikhathini zokuqhwa nokuqhakaza. Izivivinyo zaselebhu zibonisa ukuthi amandla okucindezela ezampula eziphathwe nge-EPS ahlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuklama eyamukelekayo, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-400 kPa kuncike ekuhlanganyeni kwezinto, ngisho nangemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside emazingeni okubanda. Ngokufanayo, amandla okudabuka ayagcinwa ngoba izinhlayiya ze-EPS zihlanganisa izinhlamvu zenhlabathi, zakha ingxube esabalalisa ingcindezi ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uhlangothi. Lokhu kuzinza kwesakhiwo kuyaqiniswa ukuqina kwe-EPS, okungonakali ngomswakama noma ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile esikhathini eside.

Ukusebenza komshini we-EPS-enhanced lightweight soil nakho kuyancintisana nokwezinto zokugcwalisa ezilula ezivamile, njenge-foamed concrete noma i-expanded clay aggregates. Ngenkathi into ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, ama-EPS profiles ahlinzeka ngokuhlanganiswa okungcono kakhulu kokuminyana okuphansi, inani eliphakeme lokufakelwa komoya, kanye nokulula kokufakwa. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla okusika ama-EPS-soil composites angadlula ku-80 kPa kumaxubho alungiselelwe kahle, ahlangabezana nezidingo zezicelo eziningi zamabhuloho nodonga olubambayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lezinto zokumunca nokudlulisa amandla kulenza lifanele izindawo ezinezinyikima lapho imithwalo enamandla iyisikhathazelo. Ochwepheshe bokwakha bangabuyekeza imininingwane enemininingwane kanye neziqondiso zokusebenzisa ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi ukuze ukhethe iphrofayili ye-EPS efanelekayo iphrojekthi yabo. Sekukonke, izici zamandla zobumba olulula oluthuthukiswe nge-EPS ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo njengenye indlela eqinile, emelana nomkhuhlane ezindaweni zokugcwalisa ezijwayelekile.

Ngokufingqiwe, amaphrofayili e-EPS ahlinzeka ngohlu olukhethekile lwezinzuzo zokuthuthukisa inhlabathi engasindi ezindaweni zokwakha ezithintekayo yiqhwa, ahlinzeka ngothuthukiso olulinganisekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-thermal nemishini. Ahlinzeka ngokufakwa kwe-thermal okungcono kakhulu, anciphisa ukuduma kweqhwa kufike ku-40%, futhi agcine amandla okucindezela nokushefa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu emigwaqweni, izisekelo, namabhuloho. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EPS nakho kunomthelela emithwalweni yokwakha engasindi, okuzuzisa kakhulu amaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka noma ezindaweni ezithintekayo lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kubalulekile. Izincomo zezicelo zokwakha zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amaphrofayili e-EPS ezindaweni ezingezansi zamapayipi, njengokugcwalisa okungasindi ezungeze izinsiza ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nezinto zokuzinzisa izothambeka. Ngokwamukela inhlabathi engasindi ethuthukiswe yi-EPS, onjiniyela bangafinyelela kokubili ukonga izindleko nokuqina kwesikhathi eside, kunciphisa izidingo zokugcinwa nokwelula impilo yengqalasizinda. Ngeminye imininingwane ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva be-EPS, abafundi bayamenywa ukuthi bavakashele kuOkusha ikhasi ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngentuthuko yemikhiqizo kanye nezitayela zemboni. Amaphrojekthi esikhathi esizayo ezindaweni ezibandayo kufanele acabangele kakhulu amaphrofayili e-EPS njengesici esibalulekile socezu lwayo lokuqamba izinto zobunjiniyela.

Ukuphothulwa kwezifundo eziqhubekayo ngezicelo ze-EPS kufanele kuhlole ukuziphatha kwesikhathi eside kwalezi zimo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, okuhlanganisa nemijikelezo ende yokuqhwa nokuqhakaza kanye nezimo eziguquguqukayo zomswakama. Kukhona futhi amathuba amakhulu okuhlola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwe-EPS ezintweni zokwakha, njengokufaka i-EPS esetshenziswe kabusha noma esasetshenziswa ngemuva kwamakhasimende ukuthuthukisa ukusimama nokujikeleza. Ucwaningo oluqondene nemiklamo yokuxuba efanele izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi nezindawo zezulu luzohlinzeka ngesiqondiso esibalulekile kubasebenzi abafuna ukwenza izixazululo zibe ngokoqobo ezimweni ezithile zephrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zosayizi wenkundla ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela yaselebhu futhi kuthuthukiswe amasu okwakha, kuxhunyaniswe phakathi kocwaningo nomkhuba. Ukuhlola ukuhlanganiswa kwe-EPS nezinye izithako, njengezintambo zokwenziwa noma izibopho zamaphrolima, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza komshini nokuqina. Lezi zindlela zocwaningo zizosiza ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimo ze-EPS kwezobunjiniyela be-geotechnical, ukuvula izicelo ezintsha ekumeleni kwengqalasizinda nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Lesi sihloko sigxile emikhakheni eminingi yocwaningo olusekelwe kwezobunjiniyela be-geotechnical, isayensi yezinto, namazinga okukhiqiza i-EPS. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izifundo ezishicilelwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-thermal ne-mechanical kwe-expanded polystyrene ezinhlelweni zomhlaba, kanye neziqondiso zemboni ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-ASTM International kanye ne-Geotechnical Institute. Ukuze uthole imibhalo ephelele yomkhiqizo, amashidi edatha yobuchwepheshe, kanye nezifundo zamacala, ochwepheshe bangathintana ne-Ikhayaikhasi le-Kunming Xiangchen New Building Materials Co., Ltd., elisebenza njengesikhungo esiyinhloko sezixazululo ze-EPS. Ezinye izinsiza, okubandakanya imibuzo ebuzwa njalo namanothi ezicelo, ziyatholakala nge-Ukusekela isigaba ukusiza ngemibuzo ethize ephathelene nephrojekthi. Ulwazi olwethulwe lapha luhloselwe ukusekela ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi kukhuthazwe ukwamukelwa kwezinhlobo ze-EPS ekwakhiweni kwezindawo ezibandayo. Abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuthi bahlole lonke uhla lwezinto ezitholakalayo futhi baxhumane nabakhiqizi ukuze bathole izincomo zobuchwepheshe zakamuva.