Ukuphakelwa kokudla komhlaba wonke kubhekene nenselele enkulu: kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudla konke okukhiqizwa ukuthi kudliwe ngabantu ilahleka noma ichithwe njalo ngonyaka. Leli nani elishaqisayo libonisa ukulahleka okukhulu kwezomnotho, okubiza umnotho womhlaba cishe i-trillion dollar njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphandle komthelela wezimali, ukuchithwa kokudla kunomthelela omkhulu ekonakaleni kwemvelo, kuthatha cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yomhlaba wonke wezolimo futhi kukhiqize ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-greenhouse gas. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu kuchithwa ukubola okungaphambi kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ukugcina, nokuboniswa ezitolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudideka kwabathengi mayelana nezinsuku zokuthi "best by" kanye "sell by" kuholela ezigidini zamathani okudla okudliwayo okulahliwa emakhishini asekhaya. Uphendula lezi zinkinga ezicindezelayo, imboni yokupakisha isidlule ekuguqulweni okukhulu, kwavela isigaba esisha sezixazululo esibizwa ngokuthi "smart packaging." Ngaphakathi kule ndawo, ubuchwepheshe obubili obuhlukene kodwa obuqedisanayo buye bavela: i-active packaging kanye ne-intelligent packaging, zombili zihlose ngqo ukwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala eshalofini nokunciphisa ukuchithwa.

Ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kusiguqula indlela esivikela ngayo futhi siqaphe ngayo ukudla kwethu, kudlulela ngalé kwemisebenzi yendabuko yokuvikela esekupakisheni nje ukugcina nokuvikela imikhiqizo. Ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kuyigama elibanzi elihlanganisa izinhlelo ezisebenzayo nezihlakaniphile, ngayinye inenjongo ehlukile ekulweni nokuchitheka kokudla. Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezithuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ngqo esakhiweni sokupakisha uqobo, lezi zixazululo zinika amandla abakhiqizi, abathengisi, nabathengi ngokuqonda okungakaze kubonwe nokulawula ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokudla. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokubuka konke okubanzi ngalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe, sigxile ikakhulukazi ekutheni ukupakisha okusebenzayo nokuhlakaniphile kunganciphisa kanjani kakhulu izindleko zemvelo nezimali ezihambisana nokuchitheka kokudla. Sizohlola izindlela ezithile ngemuva kwama-ethylene absorbers, i-oxygen scavengers, nezinkomba zobusha, futhi sihlolisise ukuthi amabhizinisi angasebenzisa kanjani lezi zinto ezintsha ukwakha uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa oluqine futhi olusimeme kakhudlwana.

Ukupakisha okusebenzayo ezinhlelweni zokudla kubhekisa ekufakweni ngenhloso kwezithako ezisebenzayo ohlelweni lokupakisha oluxhumana nemvelo yangaphakathi ukugcina noma ukwelula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokungafani nokupakisha okungasebenzi, okumane kuhlukanise umkhiqizo ezintweni ezilimazayo zangaphandle, ukupakisha okusebenzayo kuguqula umoya okuzungezile ukudla ukuze kuncishiswe ukubola. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokupakisha okusebenzayo ukufakwa kwezikhwama ezincane ezinomgubo wensimbi ukususa umoya ephaketheni elivaliwe, ukuvimbela ukubola kwamafutha nokukhula kwesikhunta. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kakhulu emikhiqizweni efana nenyama elungisiwe, amantongomane, nekhofi, lapho ukuchayeka emoyeni kuyimbangela enkulu yokwehla kwekhwalithi. Umgomo oyinhloko walezi zinhlelo ukudala imvelo efanele evimbela izinqubo zokuzala, zamakhemikhali, nezokubola ezihambisana nokubola. Ngokwenza lokhu, ukupakisha okusebenzayo ekudleni kungalwelula kakhulu isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezimpahla ezonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuchitheka ezitolo kanye nakubathengi ngenkathi kugcinwa inani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zabamunca abasetshenziswa ekupakisheni okusebenzayo: abamunca i-ethylene, abamunca umswakama, kanye nabasusi bomoya-mpilo. I-ethylene iyihomoni yemvelo yezitshalo eyenza ukubola nokuvuthwa kwezithelo nemifino kusheshe, futhi ukususwa kwayo kubalulekile ekuthunyelweni kwemikhiqizo emide. Abamunca i-ethylene, ngokuvamile abane-potassium permanganate ehlanganiswe nesisekelo esingasebenzi njenge-zeolite noma i-activated carbon, babamba leli gesi futhi bagcina izithelo nemifino ezifana namabhanana, ama-apula, nama-avocado zihlala zintsha isikhathi eside kakhulu ngokubambezela ukubola. Abamunca umswakama, ngokuvamile abakhiwe ngama-polymer amunca kakhulu (SAPs) noma izinto ezomisa njenge-silica gel, zilawula ukujiya namanzi ngaphakathi kwephakeji, okubalulekile ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane nokugcina ukusha kwezithelo nemifino esikwele kanye nokoma kwezinto zokudla ezomisiwe. Ekugcineni, abasusi bomoya-mpilo bakha indawo engenamoya-mpilo evimbela ukukhula kwezinto ezonakalisa ezidinga umoya-mpilo njengamasele futhi kuvimbela ukubola kwamafutha, uwoyela, nezinongo, ngokuvamile besebenzisa izindlela ezisekelwe ku-iron noma ezisekelwe kumagciwane. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zabamunca zimelela imisebenzi eyisisekelo emkhakheni wokupakisha okusebenzayo, zinikeza ukwelulwa kwesikhathi sokugcina okubonakalayo okuhumusha ngqo ekunciphisweni kokuchitheka, ukwehliswa kwezindleko zokusabalalisa, nokwanda kokwenza inzuzo kumabhizinisi okudla emhlabeni wonke.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezimunca, ukupakisha okusebenzayo kuphinde kufake izinto ezikhipha izinto ezizuzisayo endaweni yokudla ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi nokuphepha. Lezi zindlela zokukhipha zingakhipha ama-antioxidants, i-carbon dioxide (CO2), noma ama-ejenti okulwa namagciwane ukuze kuncishiswe izindlela zokubola futhi kuvinjwe ukukhula kwezifo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhishwa okulawulwayo kwama-antioxidants emvelo njenge-tocopherols (i-Vitamin E) noma i-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) esikhundleni sepakethe noma ngqo ebusweni bokudla kungavimbela ukubola kwe-oxidative emafutheni, ukudla okunamafutha, kanye ne-breakfast cereals ngaphandle kokungeza izivimbelo ngqo ekudleni. Izinto ezikhipha i-CO2 ziwusizo ikakhulukazi enyameni entsha, ezinkukhu, nasezinhlanzini, njengoba amazinga aphezulu e-CO2 anciphisa ukukhula kwamagciwane ajwayelekile okubola njenge-*Pseudomonas* ngenkathi kugcinwa umbala nomuzwa womkhiqizo, kwakheke ngempumelelo indawo eguquguqukayo. Izinto ezikhipha ama-antimicrobial zingakhipha izinto eziguquguqukayo njengamafutha abalulekile (isb., uwoyela we-oregano, uwoyela we-thyme, noma uwoyela we-cinnamon), igesi ye-chlorine dioxide, noma imisinga ye-ethanol, kwakheke umgoqo onamandla futhi oqhubekayo ngokumelene nezinto ezibola kanye nezifo ezinkulu ezithwala ukudla ezifana ne-*Listeria* kanye ne-*Salmonella*. Ubuchwepheshe balezi zinhlelo zokukhipha bubonisa izinga eliphezulu lobunjiniyela nesayensi yezinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokupakisha zesimanje ezisebenzayo nezinobuhlakani, zinikeza izixazululo zokulondoloza ezilungele ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ezilawulwayo zokugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo yokudla nezinselelo zazo ezihlukile zokubola.

Ngenkathi ukupakisha okusebenzayo kuguqula imvelo yomkhiqizo ukuze kubambezele ukubola, ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kuqapha isimo sawo futhi kuxhumane nolwazi olubalulekile kubantu abathintekayo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa. Ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kuchazwa ngamandla akho okuzwa, ukuthola, ukurekhoda, ukulandelela, nokuxhumana nezinguquko zangaphandle noma zangaphakathi emkhiqizweni noma endaweni ezizungezile. Lesi sigaba esibanzi sihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene njengezikhombisi-ndlela zokusha nomlando wokushisa-isikhathi, izinzwa zokwakheka kwegesi, kanye nabathwali bedatha yedijithali njengamakhodi e-QR namathegi e-Near Field Communication (NFC). Ngokungafani nokupakisha okusebenzayo, okungenelela ngokuqondile ukwelula impilo yeshalofu, ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kunikeza idatha eyigugu engazisa izinqumo zesikhathi sangempela mayelana nekhwalithi yokudla, ukuphepha kwezinto zokuhambisa, nokubeka amanani ashintshashintshayo, ekugcineni kuvimbele ukuchitha ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhombisi sokusha singashintsha umbala ngokungaguquki ukuze sibonise ukuthi umkhiqizo ube nokuphathwa kabi kwezinga lokushisa, okuvumela abathengisi ukuthi badlulisele into esiteshini sesaphulelo noma banikeze amandla abathengi ukuthi benze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokudla ngokushesha kunokulahlwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Izikhombisi-khombisi Zesikhathi-Lokushisa (TTIs) kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu futhi ezingathengiswa kalula zokupakisha okuhlakaniphile, okunikeza irekhodi elibonakalayo, eliqongelelayo lokuchayeka komkhiqizo ekushiseni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-TTI asebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali, ezomzimba, noma zama-enzyme ezichazwe kahle ezisheshisa ngokulindelekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okubangela ushintsho olubonakalayo nolungabuyeleki njengokudlulisela kombala esikalini noma ukumnyama kwedoti. Lokhu kuvumela ababambiqhaza ukuthi baqinisekise ngokushesha ukuthi iketango elibandayo laphukile kunoma iyiphi iphuzu ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma sokugcina, okubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezibolayo kalula njenge-salmon entsha, imikhiqizo yobisi, nemigonyo ebucayi ekushiseni. Izikhombisi-khombisi zobusha zithatha isinyathelo esingeziwe ngokuthola ngqo ama-metabolites athile ahlobene nokubola kwamagciwane noma ukubola kokudla, njenge-glucose, ama-organic acids (isb., i-acetic, i-lactic), i-ethanol, noma ama-biogenic amines (isb., i-putrescine, i-cadaverine). Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinzwa eziqondile, ukupakisha okusebenzayo nokuhlakaniphile kungahlinzeka ngesisombululo esiphelele nesinamandla: ingxenye esebenzayo (isb., isithwebuli-oksijeni) igcina ikhwalithi yokudla, kanti ingxenye ehlakaniphile (isb., i-TTI noma i-freshness dye) iqinisekisa ngokuzimela ukuthi ukulondolozwa kwasebenza, kwakha ungqimba olunamandla lokwethenjwa nokucaca.

Iziqhakambisi zedijithali ezifana namakhodi e-QR namathegi e-NFC ziguqula indlela izinhlobo ezixhumana ngayo nabathengi futhi ziphathe izinto eziningi ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa kwezimpahla, ngaphezu nje kokugcina ulwazi olulula. Lezi ubuchwepheshe ziwela ngaphansi kwezinto ezipakishwayo ezihlakaniphile, okwenza iphakheji elilula libe yisikhulumi solwazi esisebenzayo, esicebile ngedatha esingafinyelelwa nge-smartphone. Umthengi angaskena ikhodi ye-QR ngedivayisi yakhe yeselula ukuze athole ngokushesha ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngemvelaphi yomkhiqizo, aqinisekise ubuqiniso bomkhiqizo, abuke imiyalelo yokupheka neziphakamiso zokupheka, noma aqale umuzwa wokungathí sina (AR) olethe indaba yohlobo kanye nolwazi lokudla okunomsoco ngendlela ebandakanyayo. Kubathengisi nabasabalalisi bezokuthutha, amathegi e-NFC namalebula e-RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) enza ukulandelelwa kwezinto zesikhathi sangempela, okungadingi ukubona ngamehlo, ukuphathwa okuzenzakalelayo kwesikhathi sokuphela kokudla, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokubeka amanani ngokusekelwe kudatha yokusha yangempela, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuchitha ezintweni ezihlinzekwayo. Ngokweqhathaniso nezibonelo zokupakisha okusebenzayo, lapho umgomo oyinhloko ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba nokudla uqobo, lezi zinhlelo zedijithali ezihlakaniphile zinikeza imifudlana emikhulu yedatha engasetshenziswa, engahlanganiswa ne-blockchain ukuze kube nokulandelelwa okungashintshwa, isetshenziswe ekuhlaziyeni kwekhwalithi okubikezelayo, futhi isetshenziswe ukwakha amazinga angakaze abekho okwethenjwa nokubandakanyeka kwabathengi.

Amandla angempela ezinto ezintsha zokupakisha zesimanje atholakala ngokuhlanganiswa okucatshangelwe futhi okuhleliwe phakathi kwemisebenzi esebenzayo nehlakaniphile. Izinkampani ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha obusebenzayo nohlakaniphile zingafinyelela ukwelulwa okungcono kwesikhathi sokugcina emashalofini ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo zigcina ukubonakala okuphelele, okusekelwe yidatha, ngesimo somkhiqizo kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya epuletini. Ngokwesibonelo, ukupakisha i-steak esezingeni eliphezulu kungasebenzisa isikhwama esisusa umoya-mpilo (esisebenzayo) ukugcina imvelo enomoya-mpilo ophansi kakhulu ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhlanganisa inkomba yegesi esekelwe ku-redox (ehlakaniphile) efakwe ku-film enikeza isiqinisekiso esibonakalayo esheshayo sokuthi izinga lomoya-mpilo lihlale lingaphansi komkhawulo obalulekile. Le nhlanganisela enamandla ihlinzeka ngezinga lokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi okungaphikiswa nokuqinisekiswa kwezokuphepha okungakwazi ukufinyelelwa yinoma iyiphi ubuchwepheshe ngokwabo, kuxazulula izingxabano mayelana nokuhambisana kwe-cold-chain futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhokhelwa kwezinkontileka. Amabhizinisi okudla acabangela phambili ayakwamukela kakhulu lezi zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ukuze ahlukanise umkhiqizo wawo ngokuqinile emakethe egcwele abantu, anciphise izingxabano ezibizayo mayelana nokubola, futhi ahlangane kalula nesidingo esikhulayo sabathengi kanye nesimiso sokubona ngokusobala okukhulu nezenzo eziqinile zokuzinza.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo lezi nakho kuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo ngempela. Cabanga ngephakeji yezithelo ezintsha ezinomshini wokubulala amagciwane ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kokubola, isithwebuli somswakama ukuze uvimbele ukuba kube manzi, kanye nethegi ye-NFC ebuyekeza usuku oluguquguqukayo "olungcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba" ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwangempela okubhalisiwe ngesikhathi sohambo lwayo. Lena yikusasa izinto zokupakisha ezisebenzayo ekudleni nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile ezizakha ndawonye, ziguqule ukupakisha kusuka esitsheni esingashintshi sibe umgcini osebenzayo nesiteshi sokuxhumana. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe imele isiqongo samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokupakisha, enikeza indlela eqine kakhulu yokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zonyaka ezingama- $ 1 trillion zendlalifa yokudla.

Njengoba izimboni emhlabeni wonke zifuna ngamandla ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokupakisha, izinkampani ezikhethekile zesayensi yezinto zidlala indima enkulu ekuzisebenziseni kwezentengiselwano. Ngokwesibonelo, i-海岱丰（山东）新材料科技有限公司 isihamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni nasekunikezeni ama-polymer films asezingeni eliphezulu nama-additive masterbatches adingekayo ukuze lezi zinhlelo zokupakisha zesizukulwane esilandelayo zisebenze kahle emgqeni wokupakisha osheshayo. Umsebenzi wabo kuma-advanced barrier films, ama-controlled-release coatings, nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kuqondisa ukukhiqizwa kwezixazululo zokupakisha ezisebenzayo, njengama-high-barrier films asebenza ngokubambisana nama-oxygen scavengers ukuvikela ukudla okuzwelayo ku-oxygen noma izinto ezimunca i-ethylene zamabhokisi wezithelo nemifino. Abasunguli njenge-海岱丰 bangabalingani ababalulekile ezinkampanini zokudla ezifuna ukuhlanganisa ukupakisha okuyinkimbinkimbi emakhasimende ezinhlelweni zokudla, banikeze isisekelo sezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu esenza ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo zisebenze kwezentengiselwano futhi zikwazi ukukala. Ukubona ukuthi abaholi bemboni baphumelela kanjani ukusebenzisa lezi zixazululo ezintsha, ungahlola izifundo zamacala zakamuva, izitifiketi zemikhiqizo, namaphepha ezobuchwepheshe ashicilelwe ku-Izindaba ikhasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angabuyekeza uhlu olubanzi noluhlukaniswe ngezigaba lwezobuchwepheshe bokupakisha obutholakalayo kanye nemininingwane yezinto ezibonakalayo ku-Imenyu ikhasi ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezihambisana kahle nomsebenzi womkhiqizo wabo, izinga lokuphefumula, kanye nezidingo zesikhathi sokuphila.

Izicelo eziqinisekisiwe zalezi zinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zimkhulu, ziyahlukahlukene, futhi ziyanda ngesivinini esikhulu. Kusukela emikhiqizweni emisha nenyama kuya emikhiqizweni yobisi, iziphuzo, nezimpahla ezihlala eshalofini, ukupakisha okusebenzayo nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwazo nokubuyisa imali ezitshalweni kuzo zonke izigaba. Isibonelo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokupakisha okusebenzayo ukusetshenziswa kwezikhwama noma ama-film amunca i-ethylene ezikhwameni ezivaliwe zemifino exubile nama-salad blends ukuvimbela ukuphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukubuna, nokubola, ukwandisa isikhathi esisebenzisekayo sezinsuku ezibalulekile eziningana ezingeni lokuthengisa. Ekupakisheni komoya olungisiwe (MAP) wenyama ebomvu, abasusi be-oxygen basebenza kanye nama-CO2 emitters ukugcina umbala obomvu okhanyayo, ofunwayo (ngokunciphisa i-oxygen) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bacindezele ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela ukubola, ngokuqondile kunciphisa inani elikhulu lenyama eyigugu elichithwa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokushintsha kombala nephunga. Ezinkampanini ezilungele ukuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo esinqumayo, ukuqonda izidingo eziqondile zokuzala nezokuhambisa zeketango labo lokuhlinzekwa elithile kuyinto yokuqala ebalulekile. Siyakumema ukuthi uvakashele i-Okuhlangenwe Nakho ikhasi ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nolwazi lwethu olunzulu embonini kanye namakhono okweluleka ngobuchwepheshe, noma i-Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze uqale ukuhlola isu lokupakisha elihlakaniphile elenzelwe imikhiqizo yakho. Ukuxoxa ngezinselelo zakho ezithile zokucubungula nezidingo zakho zokusebenza nethimba lethu lochwepheshe, sicela ungabaze ukuthi Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ukubonisana okunemininingwane.

Ukulwa okukhulayo nokuchitheka kokudla emhlabeni kudinga ngokuphuthukayo indlela ehlanganisa izici eziningi, ehlinzekwa ubuchwepheshe, futhi ukupakisha okuhlakaniphile kugqama njengenye yamathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu, atholakala ngokushesha, futhi anomthelela omkhulu atholakala embonini njengamanje. Kokubili ukupakisha okusebenzayo nokuhlakaniphile kunikeza izindlela ezinamandla, ezihambelanayo zokwelula isikhathi sokugcina, ukugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ephakeme, nokuhlinzeka ngokusobala okukhulu kusukela ngesikhathi sokupakisha kuze kufike endaweni yokudla. Njengoba sihlolisise ngokuphelele, izinyathelo zokupakisha ezisebenzayo njengezinto ezimunca i-ethylene, izilawuli zokufinyelela, izinto ezimunca umoya-mpilo, kanye nezinto ezikhipha amagciwane zilwa ngqo nezindlela zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji zokubola. Ngaleso sikhathi, amathuluzi ahlakaniphile afana ne-Time-Temperature Indicators, izinzwa zokuhlola ubusha ezifanele, kanye nezinkundla zedijithali ezisebenzisanayo njengamakhodi e-QR namathegi e-NFC zinika amandla ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono, eziqhutshwa yidatha kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa, kunciphisa ukuchitheka kuyo yonke iminyango. Ikusasa elingenakuphikiswa lemboni yokupakisha ukudla likuphumeleleni nokuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphile kwezindlela ezimbili ezinamandla, kudala izinhlelo zokupakisha ezibanzi ezingagcini nje ngokugcina ukudla kusha, kuphephe, futhi kunomsoco isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi zikwazisa isimo sazo esiqondile ngokuqiniseka okuphelele. Ngokutshala imali ngamasu nangokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obufakazelwe manje, amabhizinisi anganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuchitheka, anciphise kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza, athuthukise ukwethembeka komkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa ukusobala, futhi anikele ngendlela enengqondo ohlelweni lokudla lomhlaba wonke olusimeme kakhulu, olusebenza kahle, futhi oluqinile. Amandla omthelela omuhle wezomnotho nowemvelo amakhulu, futhi isikhathi esicindezelayo sokuthatha isinyathelo esinqala singamanje.